法中互译

CHARLES JACQUE (FRENCH, 1813 - 1894)

Charles Jacque was among the first generation of painters to leave the city for Barbizon and the forest of Fontainebleau, where helped to establish the Barbizon School. Also a founding and influential member of the “Men of 1830” (also called l’Ecole francaise du paysage), a loose movement of artists who, spurred on by the Revolution of 1830, sought out new directions in landscape painting. His strong, realistic, yet sensitive depictions of shepherds and their flocks form one of the most cohesive and important bodies of work produced by the movement.

Born in 1813 in Paris, Jacque began his training in etching rather than painting, as an apprentice to a map engraver. In this area, Jacque was unsurpassed among his colleagues in the Barbizon school. After military service, he went to England, where he worked as an engraver for La Charivari. Returning to France after two years abroad, he made his Salon debut in 1833 and regularly contributed paintings every year until 1870. Winning medals for both etching and painting, he was awarded the Legion d’honneur in 1867.

During the 1840s, he and his friend, Jean-Francois Millet moved to the village of Barbizon where they felt they could more realistically portray nature. Jacque bought a house there and, influenced by Diaz’s technique and Millet’s themes, found his inspiration in hen-houses, pigsties and flocks of sheep at pasture. He was also involved in non-artistic activities, such as land speculation and poultry breeding, about which he wrote a book, Le Poulailler, monographie des poules indigènes et exotiques, published in 1848. He left Barbizon in 1854 and continued to paint in the outskirts of Paris until he died on May 7, 1894.

Selected Museum Collections:

Amsterdam, Stedelijk; Baltimore Museum of Art; Boston, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum; Budapest, Museum of Fine Art.; Cincinnati Museum of Fine Art; Edinburgh, National Gallery of Scotland; Glasgow Museum of Art; Kansas City, MO, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art; Milwaukee, Layton Art Gallery; Minneapolis Institute of Arts; Muncie, IN, Ball State University Art Gallery; New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art & Brooklyn Museum; Northampton, MA, Smith College Museum of Art; Oxford, England, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford University; Philadelphia Museum of Art, John G. Johnson Collection; Museum of Quebec; Saint Petersburg, Hermitage Museum; Seattle, Henry Art Gallery; Southampton Art Gallery, England; Williamstown, MA, Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute; Paris, Louvre, Musée d’Orsay; The Hague, Netherlands; Reims Musée des Beaux-Arts;

Select Bibliography:

Fanica, Pierre-Olivier. Charles Jacque, 1813-1894, Graveur original et peintre animalier. Art Bizon, Montigny-sur-Loing, 1995.

Herbert, Robert. Barbizon Revisited. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1962.

Jones, Kimberly A. In the Forest of Fontainebleau. National Gallery of Art, Washington and Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2008.

查尔斯·雅克（法国，1813年至1894年）

查尔斯·雅克是离开城市巴比松和枫丹白露，在那里帮助建立了巴比松画派的森林的第一代画家之一。另外的创始和“男人的1830”中有影响力的成员（也称欧莱雅巴黎高等杜法语PAYSAGE），艺术家的松动感谁，由1830年革命的刺激下，找到了在山水画的新方向。他强有力的，现实的，但敏感的牧羊人描绘和羊群形成由运动产生的工作最具凝聚力的重要机构之一。

出生于1813在巴黎，雅克蚀刻，而不是绘画，当学徒到地图雕刻师开始了他的训练。在这方面，雅克是他在巴比松画派同事之间无法超越的。兵役后，他去了英国，在那里他曾担任香格里拉沙里瓦里的雕刻。国外两年后回到法国后，他做了他的首次亮相沙龙在1833年和每年定期的画作贡献1870年之前，为蚀刻和绘画赢得奖牌，他被授予了军团勋章在1867年。

在19世纪40年代，他和他的朋友，让 - 弗朗索瓦·米勒搬到了巴比松村，他们觉得他们可以更真实地描绘大自然。雅克·买了一套房子那里，由迪亚兹的技术和小米的主题影响，发现他在母鸡的房子，猪圈和成群的牛羊在灵感牧场。他还参与了非艺术活动，如土地投机和畜禽养殖，约他写了一本书，乐Poulailler，monographie德poules阿丁等exotiques，发表在1848年他离开巴比松于1854年，继续在作画巴黎郊区，直到他1894年5月7日死亡。

博物馆：

阿姆斯特丹市立;巴尔的摩艺术博物馆;波士顿，伊莎贝拉·斯图尔特·加德纳博物馆;美术布达佩斯，博物馆;美术博物馆辛辛那提;爱丁堡，苏格兰国家画廊;格拉斯哥艺术博物馆;密苏里州堪萨斯城，纳尔逊 - 阿特金斯艺术博物馆;密尔沃基，雷顿美术馆;明尼阿波利斯艺术学院;曼西，IN，鲍尔州立大学美术馆;纽约艺术与布鲁克林博物馆大都会博物馆;北安普顿，MA，艺术史密斯学院博物馆;英国牛津阿什莫尔博物馆，牛津大学;艺术，约翰·G·约翰逊收藏费城艺术博物馆;魁北克省博物馆;圣彼得堡冬宫博物馆;西雅图亨利美术馆;南安普敦美术馆，英格兰;威廉斯敦，MA，斯特林和弗朗辛·克拉克艺术研究院;巴黎，卢浮宫，奥赛博物馆;荷兰海牙;兰斯博物馆美术学院;

参考书目录：

Fanica，皮埃尔 - 奥利维尔。查尔斯·雅克，1813年至1894年，原来的燃烧器和动物画家。艺术BIZON，蒙蒂尼河畔Loing，1995年。

赫伯特，罗伯特。巴比松再访。波士顿美术馆，1962年。

琼斯，金佰利A.在枫丹白露森林。艺术，华盛顿和耶鲁大学出版社，纽黑文和伦敦，2008年国家美术馆。